EN 21477 Citrinin Detection in Red Yeast Rice

Introduction to EN 21477:

The European Standard EN 21477 specifies the methodology for the determination of citrinin (CIT) in red yeast rice. Citrinin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi, particularly Aspergillus versicolor, and can contaminate food products under certain conditions. The standard outlines procedures to ensure accurate and reliable detection, providing a robust framework for laboratories and food safety professionals.

The importance of this test cannot be overstated. Mycotoxins like citrinin pose significant health risks when consumed in excess. They are known carcinogens that can also cause liver damage and other adverse effects. Given the potential danger to public health, regulatory bodies worldwide have stringent limits for mycotoxin levels in food products.

Scope of the Test:

Detection of citrinin in red yeast rice.
Analysis according to EN 21477 standards.
Compliance with international food safety regulations.

The procedure involves sample preparation, extraction, and analysis using validated chromatographic techniques. The goal is to ensure accurate quantification of citrinin levels in red yeast rice, thereby guaranteeing product safety and compliance with regulatory standards.

Sample Preparation:

Sieving the sample to a suitable particle size.
Homogenization using appropriate methods.
Extraction of citrinin from the matrix.

The choice of extraction solvent and conditions is critical. Commonly used solvents include water or aqueous solutions containing surfactants to enhance the efficiency of extraction.

Why Choose This Test

Accurate detection according to international standards (EN 21477).
Compliance with regulatory requirements for food safety.
Reduction of health risks associated with citrinin exposure.
Enhancement of product reputation and consumer trust.

Environmental and Sustainability Contributions

The detection of citrinin in red yeast rice not only ensures food safety but also contributes positively to environmental sustainability. By identifying contaminated products early, manufacturers can implement corrective measures that minimize waste and reduce the environmental impact associated with product recalls.

This test helps in maintaining a sustainable supply chain by ensuring that only safe and uncontaminated products reach consumers. It supports the broader goal of reducing food waste and promoting responsible agricultural practices.

Use Cases and Application Examples

Use Case	Description
Quality Assurance Testing	Regular testing of red yeast rice batches to ensure compliance with regulatory limits.
Batch Release Testing	Detection and quantification of citrinin levels before product release into the market.
R&D Innovation	Investigating new extraction methods or improving existing techniques for better detection accuracy.
Supplier Audits and Certifications	Evaluation of raw material suppliers to ensure compliance with international standards.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should red yeast rice be tested for citrinin?

Testing frequency depends on the supplier and batch size. Regular testing is recommended, especially for high-risk batches or when there are changes in production processes.

What happens if citrinin levels exceed regulatory limits?

Products exceeding the legal limit must be either reprocessed to bring the levels down or discarded. This ensures that only safe products reach consumers.

Can this test detect all types of mycotoxins?

This specific test is designed for citrinin detection in red yeast rice. For a comprehensive assessment, additional tests may be necessary.

Is this test suitable for both small and large-scale food manufacturers?

Yes, the methodology is scalable and can accommodate samples from various sizes of operations. However, sample preparation might differ slightly based on batch size.

What instruments are required for this test?

The standard specifies the use of validated chromatographic techniques such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Proper calibration and maintenance of these instruments are crucial.

Does this test require any special training?

Yes, proficiency in sample preparation and chromatographic analysis is necessary. Training programs specific to EN 21477 are available.

How long does it take to get results?

Typically, the process takes around 3-5 days from sample receipt, depending on the complexity of the batch and any necessary retests.

Can this test be automated?

While some aspects can be automated, such as extraction and initial processing steps, the final chromatographic analysis typically requires manual oversight to ensure accuracy.