ASTM E2938 Dimensional Evaluation Using 3D Scanners
The ASTM E2938 standard provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating dimensional accuracy in additive manufacturing (AM) and 3D printing processes using 3D scanning technology. This method is critical for ensuring that parts manufactured through AM meet the specified tolerances and geometrical requirements as defined by design intent.
Dimensional evaluation plays a crucial role in the quality control of AM components, especially when these components are used in sectors such as aerospace, automotive, medical devices, and consumer electronics. The precision required in these industries demands rigorous testing to ensure that each part is fabricated correctly and consistently with the original CAD model.
The ASTM E2938 standard outlines a systematic approach to collecting 3D scan data from manufactured parts and comparing it against the CAD model using various metrics like maximum linear dimension, minimum linear dimension, average linear dimension, and roundness. The test involves several key steps:
- Preparation of the Specimen: The part to be tested must be cleaned thoroughly to remove any surface contaminants or imperfections that could affect scan quality.
- Scanning Setup: A 3D scanner is calibrated and configured to capture high-resolution data. This setup ensures accurate measurements are taken throughout the scanning process.
- Data Acquisition: The scanned data from the part is captured in a digital format that can be compared against the CAD model using specialized software tools.
- Data Analysis: The collected scan data is then analyzed to determine how closely it matches the original CAD design. Metrics such as form error, position error, and orientation error are calculated to assess compliance with specified tolerances.
- Reporting: A detailed report summarizing the dimensional evaluation results is generated, highlighting any discrepancies between the scanned part and the CAD model.
The ASTM E2938 standard ensures that these evaluations are conducted consistently across various AM processes and technologies. This consistency is vital for maintaining quality standards in a rapidly evolving field where innovation and precision go hand-in-hand.
By adhering to this standard, manufacturers can confidently demonstrate compliance with industry regulations and customer expectations. This not only enhances the reputation of the manufacturer but also ensures that products meet stringent dimensional accuracy requirements necessary for safe and reliable operation.
Industry Applications
| Industry Sector | Application Example | ASTM Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Aerospace | Assuring the precise fit of components in complex assemblies like jet engines or avionics housings. | ASTM E2938 |
| Automotive | Verifying the accuracy of critical parts such as engine blocks, transmission cases, and suspension systems. | ASTM E2938 |
| Medical Devices | Evaluating the dimensional integrity of orthopedic implants or prosthetic devices that must fit precisely into patient anatomy. | ASTM E2938 |
| Consumer Electronics | Ensuring the accuracy of intricate components in smartphones, wearables, and other precision electronics. | ASTM E2938 |
| Military & Defense | Verifying the dimensional accuracy of critical parts used in military hardware like firearms or communication equipment. | ASTM E2938 |
| Consumer Goods | Evaluating the precision of intricate components in consumer goods such as kitchen appliances and small household items. | ASTM E2938 |
| Manufacturing & Engineering | Assuring the dimensional accuracy of prototypes, tooling, and fixtures used in manufacturing processes. | ASTM E2938 |
Why Choose This Test
The ASTM E2938 standard for 3D scanning of additive manufactured parts offers several advantages over traditional dimensional evaluation methods:
- Precision: The high-resolution data captured by 3D scanners allows for extremely precise measurements that are difficult to achieve with conventional tools.
- Rapid Turnaround: Scanning and analysis can be completed quickly, reducing the time required for quality assurance checks.
- Non-Destructive: Unlike some mechanical testing methods, 3D scanning does not damage the part being evaluated, preserving its integrity for future use or inspection.
- Versatility: The method can be applied to a wide range of AM processes and materials, making it versatile across various industries.
- Comprehensive Analysis: It provides a comprehensive view of the part's geometry, which is crucial for identifying any deviations from the CAD model early in the manufacturing process.
The use of 3D scanning also allows for greater flexibility and adaptability. Engineers can easily adjust parameters to suit specific testing needs or incorporate additional data points as required by project specifications.
Moreover, compliance with ASTM E2938 ensures that manufacturers meet rigorous industry standards, enhancing their reputation and market competitiveness. This standard is particularly beneficial in sectors where dimensional accuracy is paramount for safety and performance, such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does this test require specific equipment?
Yes, ASTM E2938 requires the use of a 3D scanner calibrated according to industry standards. The scanner should be capable of capturing high-resolution data that can be accurately compared with the CAD model.
How long does it take to conduct this test?
The duration of the test varies depending on the complexity and size of the part being evaluated. Generally, data acquisition can be completed within a few hours, followed by analysis which may take several more hours.
What kind of training is required for personnel performing this test?
Personnel should have knowledge in both AM processes and metrology. Specific training on using the 3D scanner and interpreting scan data is also necessary to ensure accurate evaluations.
Can this test be performed remotely?
Yes, with modern technology, remote scanning and analysis can be conducted. However, the equipment used must still meet the calibration requirements specified in ASTM E2938.
What is the cost of conducting this test?
The cost can vary depending on factors such as equipment rental, personnel expertise, and any additional services required. It's advisable to consult with a laboratory specializing in AM testing for an accurate quote.
How often should this test be performed?
The frequency of the test depends on the criticality and reliability requirements of the parts being manufactured. Regular testing, typically after each batch or production run, is recommended to ensure consistent quality.
Can this test be used for both prototypes and mass-produced parts?
Absolutely. The ASTM E2938 standard can be applied equally well to both prototype evaluation and mass production, ensuring that all manufactured parts meet the required dimensional accuracy.
What are the consequences of not adhering to this test?
Failure to adhere to ASTM E2938 can lead to non-compliance with industry standards, potential product defects, and increased risk in safety-critical applications. It may also result in financial penalties or loss of market share.
What kind of training is required for personnel performing this test?
Personnel should have knowledge in both AM processes and metrology. Specific training on using the 3D scanner and interpreting scan data is also necessary to ensure accurate evaluations.
Can this test be performed remotely?
Yes, with modern technology, remote scanning and analysis can be conducted. However, the equipment used must still meet the calibration requirements specified in ASTM E2938.
What is the cost of conducting this test?
The cost can vary depending on factors such as equipment rental, personnel expertise, and any additional services required. It's advisable to consult with a laboratory specializing in AM testing for an accurate quote.
How often should this test be performed?
The frequency of the test depends on the criticality and reliability requirements of the parts being manufactured. Regular testing, typically after each batch or production run, is recommended to ensure consistent quality.
Can this test be used for both prototypes and mass-produced parts?
Absolutely. The ASTM E2938 standard can be applied equally well to both prototype evaluation and mass production, ensuring that all manufactured parts meet the required dimensional accuracy.
What are the consequences of not adhering to this test?
Failure to adhere to ASTM E2938 can lead to non-compliance with industry standards, potential product defects, and increased risk in safety-critical applications. It may also result in financial penalties or loss of market share.
Can this test be performed remotely?
Yes, with modern technology, remote scanning and analysis can be conducted. However, the equipment used must still meet the calibration requirements specified in ASTM E2938.
What is the cost of conducting this test?
The cost can vary depending on factors such as equipment rental, personnel expertise, and any additional services required. It's advisable to consult with a laboratory specializing in AM testing for an accurate quote.
How often should this test be performed?
The frequency of the test depends on the criticality and reliability requirements of the parts being manufactured. Regular testing, typically after each batch or production run, is recommended to ensure consistent quality.
Can this test be used for both prototypes and mass-produced parts?
Absolutely. The ASTM E2938 standard can be applied equally well to both prototype evaluation and mass production, ensuring that all manufactured parts meet the required dimensional accuracy.
What are the consequences of not adhering to this test?
Failure to adhere to ASTM E2938 can lead to non-compliance with industry standards, potential product defects, and increased risk in safety-critical applications. It may also result in financial penalties or loss of market share.
What is the cost of conducting this test?
The cost can vary depending on factors such as equipment rental, personnel expertise, and any additional services required. It's advisable to consult with a laboratory specializing in AM testing for an accurate quote.
How often should this test be performed?
The frequency of the test depends on the criticality and reliability requirements of the parts being manufactured. Regular testing, typically after each batch or production run, is recommended to ensure consistent quality.
Can this test be used for both prototypes and mass-produced parts?
Absolutely. The ASTM E2938 standard can be applied equally well to both prototype evaluation and mass production, ensuring that all manufactured parts meet the required dimensional accuracy.
What are the consequences of not adhering to this test?
Failure to adhere to ASTM E2938 can lead to non-compliance with industry standards, potential product defects, and increased risk in safety-critical applications. It may also result in financial penalties or loss of market share.
How often should this test be performed?
The frequency of the test depends on the criticality and reliability requirements of the parts being manufactured. Regular testing, typically after each batch or production run, is recommended to ensure consistent quality.
Can this test be used for both prototypes and mass-produced parts?
Absolutely. The ASTM E2938 standard can be applied equally well to both prototype evaluation and mass production, ensuring that all manufactured parts meet the required dimensional accuracy.
What are the consequences of not adhering to this test?
Failure to adhere to ASTM E2938 can lead to non-compliance with industry standards, potential product defects, and increased risk in safety-critical applications. It may also result in financial penalties or loss of market share.
Can this test be used for both prototypes and mass-produced parts?
Absolutely. The ASTM E2938 standard can be applied equally well to both prototype evaluation and mass production, ensuring that all manufactured parts meet the required dimensional accuracy.
What are the consequences of not adhering to this test?
Failure to adhere to ASTM E2938 can lead to non-compliance with industry standards, potential product defects, and increased risk in safety-critical applications. It may also result in financial penalties or loss of market share.
What are the consequences of not adhering to this test?
Failure to adhere to ASTM E2938 can lead to non-compliance with industry standards, potential product defects, and increased risk in safety-critical applications. It may also result in financial penalties or loss of market share.
