Laboratory Test for Fading Resistance of Outdoor Fabrics
Outdoor fabrics are exposed to various environmental factors that can contribute to fading. These include prolonged exposure to sunlight, wind, and rain, which can cause color degradation over time. This laboratory test evaluates the resistance of outdoor fabrics to fading under controlled conditions in a laboratory setting.
The primary goal is to simulate real-world fade scenarios using standardized methods recognized by international standards such as ISO 105-B02, ISO 105-D06, and ISO 105-E04. These tests are essential for ensuring the durability and longevity of outdoor textiles used in various applications like awnings, umbrellas, canopies, and outdoor furniture.
The test involves exposing a specimen cut from the fabric to a series of washing cycles using detergents that mimic real-world conditions. The specimens are then assessed visually or through spectrophotometric measurement for color change. This process helps in determining the fading resistance by comparing the initial and final colors, thereby providing insights into the fabric's durability.
The results of this test are crucial for quality managers, compliance officers, R&D engineers, and procurement teams to make informed decisions regarding material selection and product design. By understanding the fade resistance, manufacturers can enhance their products' performance in outdoor environments, ensuring customer satisfaction and brand reputation.
Applied Standards
The following international standards are typically applied during this testing:
- ISO 105-B02: Determination of the resistance to fading by light (using xenon arc lamps)
- ISO 105-D06: Determination of the resistance to fading in wet condition
- ASTM D6987-14: Standard test methods for measuring colorfastness to rubbing using a rotary abrader
The tests are conducted following these internationally recognized protocols to ensure consistency and reliability.
Scope and Methodology
This laboratory test focuses on evaluating the fading resistance of outdoor fabrics to washing, light, and rubbing. The process involves several key steps:
- Specimen Preparation: Samples are cut from the fabric in a manner that represents the intended end use.
- Washing Simulation: Specimens undergo simulated washing cycles using detergents to mimic real-world conditions. The number and type of washes depend on the specific requirements or standards being followed.
- Light Exposure: Samples are exposed to light sources that simulate sunlight, following established protocols like ISO 105-B02.
- Rubbing Test: Specimens are subjected to rubbing tests using a rotary abrader as per ASTM D6987-14. This simulates the effects of friction and abrasion on fabric surfaces.
- Evaluation: After exposure, specimens undergo visual inspection or spectrophotometric analysis to measure color change. The results are compared against initial samples to determine fading resistance.
The methodology is designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the fabric's ability to withstand the challenges posed by outdoor environments.
Industry Applications
| Application Area | Tested Fabric Types |
|---|---|
| Awnings and Canopies | Woven fabrics with UV protection |
| Outdoor Furniture Covers | Knitted or woven fabrics for easy cleaning |
| Umbrellas | Water-resistant coated textiles |
| Commercial Banners | Printed synthetic blends with fade resistance properties |
- Awnings and Canopies: These structures are subjected to direct sunlight for long periods, leading to rapid fading. Testing ensures that the fabric remains visually appealing over its lifecycle.
- Outdoor Furniture Covers: Regular cleaning and exposure to water can cause significant color degradation. The test helps in selecting fabrics that maintain their aesthetic appeal despite these conditions.
- Umbrellas: These are exposed to a combination of rain, wind, and sunlight, which can lead to fading if not treated properly. Testing ensures the fabric remains vibrant after extended use.
- Commercial Banners: Large outdoor advertisements need to retain color integrity for maximum impact. This test helps in selecting materials that withstand environmental stresses effectively.
